Mechanical Optional Syllabus

Paper I

1. Mechanics

1.1 Mechanics of Rigid Bodies

• Equations of equilibrium in space and its application
• First and second moments of area
• Simple problems on friction
• Kinematics of particles for plane motion
• Elementary particle dynamics

1.2 Mechanics of Deformable Bodies

• Generalized Hooke's law and its application
• Design problems on axial stress, shear stress and bearing stress
• Material properties for dynamic loading
• Bending shear and stresses in beams
• Determination of principal stresses and strains - analytical and graphical
• Compound and combined stresses
• Bi-axial stresses - thin-walled pressure vessel
• Material behaviour and design factors for dynamic load
• Design of circular shafts for bending and torsional load only
• Deflection of beam for statically determinate problems
• Theories of failure

2. Engineering Materials

2.1 Engineering Materials

• Basic concepts on structure of solids
• Common ferrous and non-ferrous materials and their applications
• Heat-treatment of steels
• Non-metals: plastics, ceramics, composite materials and nano-materials

3. Theory of Machines

3.1 Theory of Machines

• Kinematic and dynamic analysis of plane mechanisms
• Cams
• Gears and epicyclic gear trains
• Flywheels
• Governors
• Balancing of rigid rotors
• Balancing of single and multi-cylinder engines
• Linear vibration analysis of mechanical systems (single degree of freedom)
• Critical speeds and whirling of shafts

4. Manufacturing Science

4.1 Manufacturing Process

• Machine tool engineering - Merchant's force analysis
• Taylor's tool life equation
• Conventional machining
• NC and CNC machining process
• Jigs and fixtures
• Non-conventional machining - EDM, ECM, ultrasonic, water jet machining etc.
• Application of lasers and plasmas
• Energy rate calculations
• Forming and welding processes - standard processes
• Metrology - concept of fits and tolerances
• Tools and gauges
• Comparators
• Inspection of length, position, profile and surface finish

4.2 Manufacturing Management

• System Design
• Factory location - simple OR models
• Plant layout methods
• Applications of engineering economic analysis and break-even analysis for product selection, process selection and capacity planning
• Predetermined time standards
• System Planning
• Forecasting methods based on regression and decomposition
• Design and balancing of multi-model and stochastic assembly lines
• Inventory management - probabilistic inventory models for order time and order quantity determination
• JIT systems
• Strategic sourcing
• Managing inter-plant logistics
• System Operations and Control
• Scheduling algorithms for job shops
• Applications of statistical methods for product and process quality control
• Applications of control charts for mean, range, percent defective, number of defectives and defects per unit
• Quality cost systems
• Management of resources, organizations and risks in projects
• System Improvement
• Implementation of systems such as total quality management
• Developing and managing flexible, lean and agile organizations

Paper II

1. Thermodynamics, Gas Dynamics and Turbine

1.1 Thermodynamics

• Basic concept of First Law and Second Law of Thermodynamics
• Concept of entropy and reversibility
• Availability and unavailability
• Irreversibility

1.2 Gas Dynamics and Fluid Flow

• Classification and properties of fluids
• Incompressible and compressible fluid flows
• Effect of Mach number and compressibility
• Continuity, momentum and energy equations
• Normal and oblique shocks
• One-dimensional isentropic flow
• Flow of fluids in ducts with friction and heat transfer

1.3 Fans, Blowers, Compressors and Gas Turbines

• Flow through fans, blowers and compressors
• Axial and centrifugal flow configuration
• Design of fans and compressors
• Simple problems on compressor and turbine cascades
• Open and closed cycle gas turbines
• Work done in the gas turbine
• Reheat and regenerators

2. Heat Transfer

2.1 Conduction Heat Transfer

• General conduction equation - Laplace, Poisson and Fourier equations
• Fourier law of conduction
• One-dimensional steady-state heat conduction applied to simple wall, solid and hollow cylinders and spheres

2.2 Convection Heat Transfer

• Newton's law of convection
• Free and forced convection
• Heat transfer during laminar and turbulent flow of an incompressible fluid over a flat plate
• Concepts of Nusselt number
• Hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers and their thickness
• Prandtl number
• Analogy between heat and momentum transfer - Reynolds, Colburn and Prandtl analogies
• Heat transfer during laminar and turbulent flow through horizontal tubes
• Free convection from horizontal and vertical plates

2.3 Thermal Radiation

• Black body radiation
• Basic radiation laws: Stefan-Boltzmann law, Planck distribution and Wien's displacement law

2.4 Heat Exchangers

• Basic heat exchanger analysis
• Classification of heat exchangers

3. Engines

3.1 Performance and Cycles

• Classification and thermodynamic cycles of operation
• Determination of brake power, indicated power and mechanical efficiency
• Heat balance sheet
• Interpretation of performance characteristics
• Petrol, gas and diesel engines

3.2 Combustion, Knocking and Emissions

• Combustion in SI and CI engines
• Normal and abnormal combustion
• Effect of working parameters on knocking
• Reduction of knocking
• Forms of combustion chamber for SI and CI engines
• Rating of fuels
• Additives
• Emission

3.3 Engine Systems and Alternate Fuels

• Fuel systems
• Lubricating systems
• Cooling systems
• Transmission systems
• Alternate fuels in IC engines

4. Steam Engineering

4.1 Steam Generation and Turbines

• Steam generation - modified Rankine cycle analysis
• Modern steam boilers
• Steam at critical and supercritical pressures
• Draught equipment
• Natural and artificial draught
• Boiler fuels - solid, liquid and gaseous fuels
• Steam turbines - principle and types
• Compounding
• Impulse and reaction turbines
• Axial thrust

4.2 Steam Nozzles

• Flow of steam in convergent and divergent nozzles
• Pressure at throat for maximum discharge with wet, saturated and superheated initial steam conditions
• Effect of variation of back pressure
• Supersaturated flow of steam in nozzles
• Wilson line

4.3 Rankine Cycle and Governing

• Rankine cycle with internal and external irreversibility
• Reheat factor
• Reheating and regeneration
• Methods of governing
• Back-pressure and pass-out turbines

4.4 Steam Power Plants

• Combined-cycle power generation
• Heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) - fired and unfired
• Co-generation plants

5. Refrigeration and Air-conditioning

5.1 Refrigeration

• Vapour-compression refrigeration cycle on p-h and T-s diagrams
• Eco-friendly refrigerants - R134a and R123
• Systems such as evaporators, condensers, compressors and expansion devices
• Simple vapour-absorption systems

5.2 Psychrometry and Air-conditioning

• Psychrometric properties, processes and charts
• Sensible heating and cooling
• Humidification and dehumidification
• Effective temperature
• Air-conditioning load calculation
• Simple duct design